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Objective Function (Φ): Expected Weights (Wi) versus Calculated Residuals (Ri).
Not before a preliminary, unavoidable, ponderation ... 

Every modelling calibration effort, doesn't matter if manually made or if implemented through any kind of automatized routine, is a Bayesian exercise. In other words, the expectations enveloped in any or ever one of its estimatives (the weights [wi], if you please) has, necessarily, the predicative to influence these estimatives.

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Is meant by Objective Function (Φ), a reference number encompassing what need to be targeted by PEST:

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Covariance matrix
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Beta μ

[ ri ] expresses the difference between measured [*Heads] and its calculated counterparts (Xp)

Any residuals of a realization could become neutralized if we knew, beforehand, the noise (ε), the problems, of a database. 

So these variables are inversely proportional. Together, they sum-up the current discrepancies (Φ) of a given scenario.

Replacing what is inherently impossible to know ( C(ε) or σ) before the calibration, to a transitory guess of what that noise might be (as a new kind of variables, the weights [wi]), gives the Objective Function the capability of directing the estimation processes towards what the modeller understands as the most trustful of his information's in a dataset.

In ideal conditions, the exact distribution of disruptive weights in this diagonal matrix (Q) can neutralize all the database noise. In practise, attaching uneven distributions of confidence intervals IN(m3/d, for instance) and margins of error Z(%) to troublesome observations, brings a more feasible task to be overcome by the automatized calibration process (the minimization of original Φ).

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